Samuil Marshak
| Samuil Ya. Marshak | |
|---|---|
Samuil Marshak (1934)
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| Born |
3 November 1887 Voronezh, Russian Empire |
| Died | 4 July 1964 (aged 76) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Language | Russian |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Alma mater | University of London |
| Genre | Poetry |
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (alternative spelling: Samuil Yakovlevich Marchak) (Russian: Самуи́л Я́ковлевич Марша́к; 3 November [O.S. 22 October] 1887 – 4 July 1964) was a Russian Jewish and Soviet writer, translator and children's poet. He translated the sonnets and some other of the works of William Shakespeare, English poetry (including poems for children), and poetry from other languages. Maxim Gorky proclaimed Marshak to be "the founder of Russia's (Soviet) children's literature."
Marshak was born to a Jewish family on November 3, 1887 in Voronezh. His father was a foreman at a soap-making plant. He had a good home education and later studied at the gymnasium (secondary school) of Ostrogozhsk, a suburb of Voronezh. He started to write poetry during his childhood years in Voronezh. His brother Ilya (who wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilin) (1896—1953) and sister Liya (who wrote as Elena Ilina) (1901—1964) also both became Soviet authors.
In 1902, the Marshak family moved to Saint Petersburg. There was a complication: as a Jew, Marshak could not legally live outside the Pale of Settlement, thus he could not attend school while living in the city. Philanthropist and scholar Baron David Gunzburg took an interest in Marshak and introduced him to the influential critic Vladimir Stasov. Stasov was so impressed by the schoolboy's literary talent that he arranged an exception from the Pale laws for Samuil and his family. He also introduced Marshak to Maxim Gorky and Feodor Chaliapin.
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