Samuel of Hungary

Samuel
Depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle
King of Hungary
Reign	1041–1044
Predecessor	Peter
Successor	Peter
Born	before 990 or c. 1009
Died	5 July 1044
Burial	Abasár, Hungary
Spouse	a daughter of Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (debated)
House	House of Aba
Mother	a daughter of Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (debated)
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Samuel Aba (Hungarian: Aba Sámuel; before 990 or c. 1009 – 5 July 1044) was the third King of Hungary between 1041 and 1044. He was born to a prominent family with extensive domains in the region of the Mátra Hills. Based on reports in the Gesta Hungarorum and other Hungarian chronicles about the non-Hungarian origin of the Aba family, modern historians write that the Abas headed the Kabar tribes that seceded from the Khazar Khaganate and joined the Hungarians in the 9th century.

Around 1009, Samuel or his father married a sister of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary. Thereafter the originally pagan or Jewish Aba family converted to Christianity. King Stephen appointed Samuel to head the royal court as his palatine. However, the king died in 1038, and the new monarch, Peter the Venetian, removed Samuel from his post.

The Hungarian lords dethroned Peter in 1041 and elected Samuel king. According to the unanimous narration of the Hungarian chronicles, Samuel preferred commoners to noblemen, causing discontent among his former partisans. His execution of many opponents brought him into conflict with Bishop Gerard of Csanád. In 1044, Peter the Venetian returned with the assistance of the German monarch, Henry III, who defeated Samuel's larger army at the battle of Ménfő near Győr. Samuel fled from the battlefield but was captured and killed.