Samuel Mandelbaum (September 20, 1884 – November 20, 1946) was a New York lawyer and politician who served for ten years as a federal district judge.
Mandelbaum was born on September 20, 1884, in the Russian Empire; his family immigrated to the United States several years later. Mandelbaum grew up in the Lower East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, where he became interested in law and politics. He attended the New York University School of Law, and graduated LL.B. in 1912, and LL.M. in 1913. Mandelbaum worked as a lawyer in private practice from 1912 to 1922, practicing primarily in local courts, where he handled personal-injury and criminal cases.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 4th D.) in 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 and 1932. From 1929 to 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was Governor of New York, and Mandelbaum was one of his advisors as a member of the so-called "turkey cabinet."