Salmonella poisoning
| Salmonellosis | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Electron micrograph showing Salmonella typhimurium (red) invading cultured human cells | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting |
| Complications | Reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome |
| Usual onset | 0.5–3 days post exposure |
| Duration | 4–7 days |
| Types | Typhoidal, nontyphoidal |
| Causes | Salmonella. |
| Risk factors | Old, young, weak immune system, bottle feeding, proton pump inhibitors |
| Diagnostic method | Stool test |
| Similar conditions | Other types of gastroenteritis |
| Prevention | Proper preparation and cooking of food |
| Treatment | Fluids by mouth, intravenous fluids, antibiotics |
| Frequency | 1.2 million non–typhoidal cases per year (US) |
| Deaths | 268,000 (2015) |
| Classification | |
|---|---|
| External resources |
Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. This typically occurs half to three days after exposure with symptoms lasts four to seven days. Occasionally more significant disease can result in dehydration. The old, young, and others with a weak immune systems are more likely to develop severe disease. Specific types of Salmonella can result in typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever.
There are two species of Salmonella: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica with many subtypes. Infection is usually spread via contaminated meat, eggs, or milk. Other foods may spread the disease if they have come into contact with manure. A number of pets may also carry the infection and spread the infection including, cats, dogs, and reptiles. Diagnosis is by a stool test.
Efforts to prevent the disease include proper preparation and cooking of food. Mild disease typically does not require specific treatment. More significant cases may need the treatment of electrolyte problems and the replacement of fluids by intravenous. In those at high risk or in whom the disease has spread outside the intestines, antibiotics are recommended.
Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of diarrhea globally. In 2015, 90,300 deaths occurred from non-typhoidal and 178,000 deaths from typhoidal salmonellosis. In the United States about 1.2 million cases and 450 deaths occur from non–typhoidal salmonellosis a year. In Europe it is the second most common foodborne disease after campylobacteriosis.
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Wikipedia