Salawat Yulayev

Salawat Yulayev (Bashkir: Салауат Юлай-улы, Salawat Yulay-ulı; Russian: Салават Юлаев; 16 June 1754  – 26 September 1800) is a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion.

Salawat Yulayev was born in the village of Tekeyevo, in Shaytan-Kudeevsky volost of Ufa province of Orenburg Governorate (now Salavatsky District) of Bashkortostan. Tekeyevo no longer exists, as it was burned in 1775.

Salawat Yulayev was at the head of all revolted Bashkortostan from the very beginning of the country war of 1773-1775. He was seized by imperial authorities on November, 24th, 1774, and his father, Yulay Aznalin, was captured even earlier. Put into irons, they were sent to Moscow. Yulay Aznalin was a votchinnik (holder of patrimonial estate), a rich, intelligent and influential man. He was held in general respect among Bashkirs and was a Bauermeister (district foreman). The local authorities gave credence to him; his fidelity to Russian government could not be doubted.

In 1768 the Orenburg governor prince Putyatin himself appointed Yulay as the foreman of the Bashkir command. But soon the merchant Tverdyshev, granted collegiate asessory rank, deprived Yulay Aznalin of his land to build Simsky plant and villages. The Bashkir land was falling to ruin, and so Yulay Aznalin and his nineteen-year-old son Salawat stood up under Yemelyan Pugachev’s banners.

Ten months after Salawat's capture, in September, 1775, he and his father were publicly lashed in those places where the largest battles with the governmental armies took place. In a month they both were pulled out nostrils, and their foreheads and faces were branded. On October 2, 1775, hands and legs chained, Salawat and Yulay were sent on two carts under protection to the Baltic fortress Rogervik (nowadays the city of Paldiski in Estonia) for life. The transport with convicts passed Menzelinsk, Kazan, Nizhni Novgorod, Moscow, reaching Tver on November 14 and then continuing on through Novgorod, Pskov, and Revel and arriving finally in Rogervik on November, 29th.

...
Wikipedia