SS City of Paris (1866)

Inman's City of Paris of 1866
History
United Kingdom
Name:	City of Paris
Owner:	Inman Line
Route:	Atlantic crossing.
Builder:	Tod and Macgregor, Partick, Glasgow, Scotland
Launched:	December 1865
Fate:	Sold in 1884 to become the French Tonquin Sunk in collision 4 March 1885
General characteristics
Type:	Steamship
Tonnage:	2650 tons
Length:	346 ft (105 m)
Beam:	40 ft (12 m)
Sail plan:	3 masts

City of Paris was a British passenger liner operated by the Inman Line that established that a ship driven by a screw could match the speed of the paddlers on the Atlantic crossing. Built by Tod and Macgregor, she served the Inman Line until 1884 when she was converted to a cargo ship.

By the end of the American Civil War in 1865, Inman was the largest passenger steam ship line to America, and was known for its screw-propelled ships that were economical, but not especially fast. When in 1862 Cunard commissioned RMS Scotia, a paddle wheel Blue Riband holder, it also commissioned China, the first screw steamer in Cunard's express mail service. While China was only a knot slower than Scotia, China's coal consumption was only half of Scotia's while China carried more cargo. Cunard quickly ordered two additional screw steamers to partner the paddlers Scotia and RMS Persia on the New York express route. Cunard also opened a secondary service for immigrants that directly competed against Inman. Inman countered Cunard by opening its own express service. With City of Paris, Tod and Macgregor started construction of five fast liners for Inman's Liverpool - New York route to rival the Cunard Line's best. In response, Cunard commissioned its own fast screw express liners, starting with Russia, which replaced Persia in 1867.

After entering service in 1866, City of Paris established herself as at least the equal of Cunard's Scotia. Gibbs credits City of Paris herself with the Blue Riband for a November 1866 westbound voyage from Queenstown to New York at 13.75 knots. However, most nautical historians list Scotia as the record holder for her 1862 voyage at 14.46 knots that Gibbs discounts because Scotia claimed a particularly long track. In a famous February 1868 race, City of Paris and Russia sailed from New York within an hour of each other. The Inman liner claimed 8 days, 19 hours, 23 minutes to Queenstown, while the Cunarder required 42 minutes longer using a slightly different course. In part because of Inman's success with ships such as City of Paris, in 1867 the British Post Office Government awarded the Inman Line with a share of the North Atlantic mail contract. Throughout the 1870s, Inman's express service averaged lower passage times than Cunard's.