Ruska Roma
The Ruska Roma (Russian: Руска́ Рома́), also known as Russian Gypsies (Russian: Русские цыгане) or as Xaladitka Roma (i.e. "Gipsy-Soldiers"), are the largest subgroup of Romani people in Russia and Belarus. Initially known as Ruska Roma, they live mostly in Russia and Belarus, but also in Eastern and Central Ukraine, France, Canada, and the United States.
The Ruska Romani language contains some German, Polish, and Russian words, as well as a small amount of Ukrainian and Russian grammar. Most Ruska Roma are Orthodox Christians, while those living in predominantly Muslim areas (such as the Caucasus) tend to be Muslim.
Their traditional professions include horse trading, music, dancing, and fortune-telling. As of 2016[update] most Romani singers, actors, dancers, and musicians in Russia are of the Ruska Roma. Their musical culture is considered to be the leading Romani culture in Russia, and is copied by other Roma.
The Ruska Roma traditional clothing is based on Russian and Kalderash traditional clothing, and is used actively by singers and dancers.
Modern Ruska Roma are one of the most educated Romani groups in Russia. They have many professions.
At the beginning of the 19th century there already existed several Romani choruses consisting of Ruska Roma who were servants. They were considered to be so talented that their owners emancipated them. Romani choruses of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg were very popular during the 19th century. Russian noblemen sometimes married Romani chorus girls.
In Russia, Ruska Roma were mostly nomadic horse traders and singers. They traveled during the summer and stayed in cottages of Russian peasants during the winter. They paid for their lodging with money or with work on the horses. Ruska Roma were very popular among peasants who liked their music and dances and considered Roma to be beautiful.
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