Rudra veena
Rudra veena
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| String instrument | |
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| Other names | rudra vina, been, bin |
| Classification | string instruments |
| Musicians | |
| Asad Ali Khan, Asit Kumar Banerjee, Bindu Madhav Pathak, Bande Ali Khan, Bahauddin Dagar, Carsten Wicke, Dattatreya Rama Rao Parvatikar, Hindraj Divekar, Jyoti Hegde, Naubat Khan, Omrao Khan, Suvir Misra, Wazir Khan (Rampur), Zia Mohiuddin Dagar, | |
| More articles | |
| Veena, Saraswati veena, vichitra veena, chitra veena | |
The rudra veena (also spelled rudra vina, Hindi: रुद्रवीणा, Bengali: রুদ্রবীণা), and also called bīn (Hindi: in North India), is a large plucked string instrument used in Hindustani classical music, one of the major types of veena played in Indian classical music.
It has a long tubular body made of wood or bamboo with a length between 54 and 62 inches. Two large, round resonators, made of dried and hollowed gourds, are attached under the tube. Twenty-four brass-fitted raised wooden frets are fixed on the tube with the help of wax. There are 4 main strings and 3 chikari strings.
As Rudra is a name for the Hindu god Shiva, rudra vina literally means "the veena dear to Shiva". Shiva is also said to have created the Rudraveena, inspired by his wife, Parvati.
It is an ancient instrument rarely played today. The rudra veena declined in popularity in part due to the introduction in the early 19th century of the surbahar, which allowed sitarists to more easily present the alap sections of slow dhrupad-style ragas. In the 20th century, Zia Mohiuddin Dagar modified and redesigned the rudra veena to use bigger gourds, a thicker tube (dandi), thicker steel playing strings (0.45-0.47 mm) and closed javari that. This produced a soft and deep sound when plucked without the use of any plectrum (mizrab). The instrument was further modified as the shruti veena by Lalmani Misra to establish Bharat's Shadja Gram and obtain the 22 shrutis.
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