Rudolph I of Bohemia

Rudolf I
16th century portrait by Anton Boys
King of Bohemia
Reign	1306 – 3/4 July 1307
Predecessor	Henry of Carinthia
Successor	Henry of Carinthia
Duke of Austria and Styria
Reign	21 November 1298 – 3/4 July 1307
Predecessor	Albert I
Successor	Albert I
Born	c. 1281
Died	July 3/4, 1307 (aged 26) Horažďovice, Bohemia
Burial	St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague
Spouse	Blanche of France Elisabeth Richeza
House	Habsburg
Father	Albert I of Germany
Mother	Elizabeth of Gorizia

Rudolf of Habsburg (Czech: Rudolf Habsburský; c. 1282 – 3/4 July 1307) was Duke of Austria and Styria (as Rudolf III) from 1298 as well as King of Bohemia and titular King of Poland (as Rudolf I) from 1306 until his death.

Rudolf was the eldest son of the Habsburg duke Albert I of Austria and his wife Elizabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol. Upon the election of his father as King of the Romans, sixteen-year-old Rudolph was vested as a co-ruler with the Austrian and Styrian hereditary lands of the Habsburg dynasty. According to the Rheinfelden order of succession, Rudolf acted as ducal regent on behalf of his younger brothers Frederick the Fair and Leopold I.

On May 25, 1300, King Albert I arranged his marriage with the Capetian princess Blanche, a daughter of King Philip III of France by his second wife Marie of Brabant. The intended union with the French House of Capet however failed as the couple's son and daughter died young and Blanche herself died in 1305. Rudolf accompanied his father on his 1304 expedition against King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who had placed his son Wenceslaus III on the Hungarian throne after the Árpád dynasty died out in 1301 with the death of King Andrew III.