Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen
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His Eminence Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainer Archduke of Austria |
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| Cardinal, Archbishop of Olomouc | |
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| Metropolis | Archdiocese of Olomouc |
| See | Olomouc |
| Installed | 24 March 1819 |
| Term ended | 24 July 1831 |
| Predecessor | Maria Thaddäus von Trautmannsdorff |
| Successor | Ferdinand Maria Chotek von Chotkow |
| Other posts | Archduke of Austria |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 19 March 1805 |
| Created Cardinal | 4 June 1819 |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
8 January 1788 Florence, Tuscany |
| Died | 24 July 1831 (aged 43) Baden, Lower Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Previous post | Coadjutor of Anton Theodor von Colloredo-Waldsee-Mels, Archbishop of Olomouc (1805–1811) |
| Coat of arms |  |
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Styles of Rudolph von Habsburg-Lothringen |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Olomouc |
Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainier, Archduke of Austria, Cardinal and Archbishop of Olomouc (8 January 1788 – 24 July 1831), was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and an Austrian clergyman and noble. He was consecrated as Archbishop of Olomouc (Olmütz) in 1819 and became cardinal in the same year. Rudolph is known for his patronage of the arts, most notably as sponsor of Ludwig van Beethoven who dedicated several of his works to him.
Born in the Pitti Palace in Florence, Tuscany, he was the youngest son of Emperor Leopold II and Maria Louisa of Spain. In 1803 or 1804, Rudolph began taking lessons in piano and composition from Ludwig van Beethoven. The two became friends, and Rudolph became a supporter and patron of Beethoven; their meetings continued until 1824. Beethoven dedicated 14 compositions to Rudolph, including the Archduke Trio, the Hammerklavier Sonata, the Emperor Concerto and the Missa Solemnis. Rudolph, in turn, dedicated one of his own compositions to Beethoven. The letters Beethoven wrote to Rudolph are today kept at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna.
Schubert and Ferdinand Ries also dedicated works to Rudolf.
On 24 March 1819 aged 31 Rudolph was appointed, Archbishop of Olomouc, in the present day Czech Republic but then part of the Austrian Empire. He was made Cardinal-Priest of the titular church of S. Pietro in Montorio by Pope Pius VII on 4 June 1819. He was ordained a priest on 29 August 1819, and consecrated a bishop on 26 September.
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