Royal House of Stewart

Stuart Scottish Gaelic: Stiùbhart Stewart
Royal house
Coat of arms of the last Stuart monarch Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 1707-1714
Parent family	Clan Stewart
Country	Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Ireland, Kingdom of France,Kingdom of Great Britain
Ethnicity	Scottish
Founded	1371 (1371)
Founder	Robert II of Scotland (1316–1390)
Final ruler	Anne, Queen of Great Britain (1665–1714)
Titles	List King of Scots King of England King of Ireland King of France Queen of France Queen of Great Britain High Steward of Scotland Duke of Aubigny Marquess of Bute Earl of Lennox Earl of Moray
Dissolution	1807 (1807)
Cadet branches	List Stewart of Appin Stewart of Ardvorlich Stewart of Ballechin Stewart of Castle Stewart Stewart of Darnley Stewart of Galloway

The House of Stuart, originally Stewart and, in Gaelic, Stiùbhart, was a European royal house that originated in Scotland. The dynasty's patrilineal Breton ancestors had held the office of High Steward of Scotland since the 12th century, after arriving by way of Norman England. The royal Stewart line was founded by Robert II, and they were Kings and Queens of Scots from the late 14th century until the union with England in 1707. Mary, Queen of Scots, was brought up in France, where she adopted the French spelling of the name, Stuart. Her son, James VI of Scotland, inherited the thrones of England and Ireland upon the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. Except for the period of the Commonwealth, 1649–1660, the Stuarts were monarchs of the British Isles and its growing empire, until the death of Queen Anne in 1714.

In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603. James VI of Scotland then inherited the realms of Elizabeth I of England, becoming James I of England and Ireland in the Union of the Crowns. Following the Glorious Revolution in 1688, two Stuart queens ruled the isles: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who would be brought up a Roman Catholic and would precede his half-sisters; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. But neither had any children who survived to adulthood, so under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704, the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714.