Rondônia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁõˈdõniɐ]) is a state in Brazil, located in the north-western part of the country. To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, and in the south and southwest is Bolivia. Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Cândido Rondon.

Rondonia was originally home to over 200,000 km² of rainforest, but has become one of the most deforested places in the Amazon. By 2003 around 70,000 km² of rainforest had been cleared.

The area around the Guaporé River is part of the Beni savanna ecoregion.

The Samuel Dam is located in the state, on the Jamari River.

Slash-and-burn farming in the state of Rondônia.

Madeira River.

Madeira River and Porto Velho.

According to the IBGE of 2008, there were 1,519,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 6.6 inh./km². Urbanization: 66.8% (2004); Population growth: 2.2% (1991-2000); Houses: 430,747 (2005).

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 832,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (54.81%), 546,000 White people (35.95%), 115,000 Black people (7.56%), 16,000 Asian people (1.08%), 8,000 Amerindian people (0.53%).

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