Roman Crimea

The Crimean Peninsula (at the time known as Taurica) was under partial control of the Roman Empire during the period of 47 BCE to c. 340 CE. The territory under Roman control mostly coincided with the Bosporan Kingdom (although under Nero, from 62 to 68 CE; it was briefly attached to the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior). Rome lost its influence in Taurica in the mid third century, when substantial parts of the peninsula fell to the Goths, but at least nominally the kingdom survived until the 340s. Byzantium, the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, later regained the Crimea under Justinian I. The Byzantine Greeks controlled portions of the peninsula well into the Late Middle Ages.

Rome started to dominate the Crimea peninsula (then called Taurica) in the 1st century BCE. The initial area of their penetration was mainly in eastern Crimea (Bosporus kingdom) and in the western Greek city of Chersonesos. The interior was only nominally under Roman rule.

In ancient times Crimea was known as "Chersonesus Taurica", from the name of the Tauri, who were descendants of the Cimmerians. Many Greek colonists settled in Taurica: their most renowned colony was Chersonesos. In 114 BCE the Bosporus kingdom accepted the overlordship of Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, as a protection from tribes of Scythians. For nearly five centuries after the defeat of Mithridates by the Roman Pompey, Crimea was under the suzerainty of Rome.

The main Roman settlement was Charax, a castrum probably built around 60–65, and the main naval Roman base was in Chersonesos.

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