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Rodolfo Graziani, marchese di Neghelli

Rodolfo Graziani
Rodolfo Graziani 1940 (Retouched).jpg
Minister of National Defence
of the Italian Social Republic
In office
September 23, 1943 – April 25, 1945
President Benito Mussolini
Preceded by Office created
Succeeded by Office abolished
Viceroy of Italian East Africa
In office
June 11, 1934 – December 21, 1937
Monarch Victor Emmanuel III
Prime Minister Benito Mussolini
Preceded by Pietro Badoglio
Succeeded by Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
Governor-General of Italian Libya
In office
July 1, 1940 – March 25, 1941
Preceded by Italo Balbo
Succeeded by Italo Gariboldi
Governor of Italian Somaliland
In office
March 6, 1935 – May 9, 1936
Preceded by Maurizio Rava
Succeeded by Angelo De Ruben
Vice-Governor of Italian Cyrenaica
In office
March 17, 1930 – May 31, 1934
Preceded by Domenico Siciliani
Succeeded by Office abolished
Personal details
Born (1880-08-11)August 11, 1880
Filettino, Italy
Died January 11, 1955(1955-01-11) (aged 72)
Rome, Italy
Resting place Affile, Lazio, Italy
Political party National Fascist Party
(1924–1943)
Republican Fascist Party
(1943–1945)
Italian Social Movement
(1946–1955)
Spouse(s) Ines Chionetti (m. 1913–55); his death
Children A daughter
Alma mater Military Academy of Modena
Profession Military officer
Religion Catholic Church
Military service
Allegiance  Kingdom of Italy (1903–1943)
 Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
Service/branch  Royal Italian Army (1903–1943)
National Republican Army (1943–1945)
Years of service 1903–1945
Rank Marshal of Italy
Unit Italian 10th Army
Battles/wars

Italo-Turkish War
World War I
Pacification of Libya
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
World War II


Italo-Turkish War
World War I
Pacification of Libya
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
World War II

Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, 1st Marquis of Neghelli (Italian pronunciation: [roˈdɔlfo ɡratˈtsjaːni]; August 11, 1882 – January 11, 1955), was a prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's Regio Esercito (Royal Army), primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and during World War II. A dedicated fascist, he was a key figure in the Italian military during the reign of Victor Emmanuel III.

Graziani played an important role in the consolidation and expansion of Italy's empire during the 1920s and 1930s, first in Libya and then in Ethiopia. He became infamous among the other colonial powers for repressive measures that led to high loss of life among civilians. In February 1937, after an assassination attempt during a ceremony in Addis Ababa, Graziani authorized a period of brutal retribution now known as Yekatit 12. Shortly after Italy entered World War II he returned to Libya as the commander of troops in Italian North Africa but resigned after the 1940-41 British offensive routed his forces. Following the 25 Luglio coup in 1943, he was the only Marshal of Italy who remained loyal to Mussolini and was named the Minister of Defense of the Italian Social Republic, commanding its army and returning to active service against the Allies for the rest of the war.


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