Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell

Robert Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell (1493–1546) was a member of the Council of Regency (1536) of the Kingdom of Scotland, Regent of the Isle of Arran and like his father before him patriarch of the House of Maxwell/Clan Maxwell. A distinguished Scottish nobleman, politician, soldier and in 1513 Lord High Admiral, Lord Maxwell was a member of James V of Scotland's royal council and served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1524, 1527 and 1535. He was also an Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1533. In 1537, he was one of the ambassadors sent to the French Court to negotiate the marriage of James to Mary of Guise, whom he espoused as proxy for the King.

Robert was the eldest son of John Maxwell, 3rd Lord Maxwell (killed at the battle of Flodden, 9 September 1513) and Lady Agnes Stewart, illegitimate daughter of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan, second son to Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorne, and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots (c. 1404 – 15 July 1445), the widow of James I of Scotland. Lady Agnes Stewart was later legitimized by Queen Mary of Guise, on 31 October 1552, under the Great Seal of Scotland. This made Joan Beaufort, Robert's great grandmother because of his mother's legitimization.

After the battle of Flodden Robert was returned heir to his father on 4 November 1513. Around this time he was also bestowed as Regent of Arran the largest island in the Firth of Clyde. Making the 5th Lord Maxwell essentially Monarch of the Island. Although others would achieve other highly respected noble titles in the distinguished line of the House of Maxwell none would match that of 5th Lord Maxwell's success. Not much is known about his reign as Regent other than he didn't spend much time on the Island. At the time of Flodden he was admiral of a fleet, which it was proposed to France, but which on the voyage was driven back, and arrived at Kirkcudbright on the day after the battle. Maxwell immediately afterwards seized Lochmaben; and on 26 November he was appointed captain and keeper of Thrieve. On the forfeiture of Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home in 1516 he acquired part of his lands, and in the following year was made warden of the west marches.

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