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Battle of Flodden

Battle of Flodden
Part of the War of the League of Cambrai
Flodden Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 39370.jpg
Flodden Memorial at the site of the battle
Date 9 September 1513
Location Near Branxton, Northumberland, England
Result Decisive English victory
Belligerents
Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg Kingdom of England Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg Kingdom of Scotland
Commanders and leaders
Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg Catherine of Aragon
Howard arms (Thomas, duke of Norfolk).svg Earl of Surrey
Howard arms (Thomas, duke of Norfolk).svg Duke of Norfolk
Howard arms (Thomas, duke of Norfolk).svg Lord Howard
Arms of the Baron Dacre.svg Baron Dacre
Arms of Sir Edward Stanley.svg Sir Edward Stanley
Marmaduke Constable 		Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg James IV †
Arms of the Lords of Home.svg Lord Home
Graham of Montrose COA.svg Earl of Montrose †
Arms of Adam Hepburn Earl of Bothwell.svg Earl of Bothwell †
Arms of Stuart of Darnley, Earl of Lennox.svg Earl of Lennox †
Arms of Campbell, Earls of Argyll.svg Earl of Argyll †
Strength
26,000 30–40,000
Casualties and losses
1,500 5,000–17,000
External image
Events of 9 September 1513 – Map

The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field, or occasionally Battle of Branxton (Brainston Moor), was part of a conflict between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. The battle was fought in Branxton in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey. It was a decisive English victory. In terms of troop numbers, it was the largest battle fought between the two Kingdoms.James IV was killed in the battle, becoming the last monarch from the island of Britain to suffer such a death.

This conflict began when James IV, King of Scots declared war on England to honour the Auld Alliance with France by diverting Henry VIII's English troops from their campaign against the French king Louis XII. Henry VIII had also opened old wounds by claiming to be the overlord of Scotland, which angered the Scots and their King. At this time England was involved as a member of the "Catholic League" in the War of the League of Cambrai—defending Italy and the Pope from the French (see Italian Wars).

Pope Leo X, already a signatory to the anti-French Treaty of Mechlin, sent a letter to James threatening him with ecclesiastical censure for breaking his peace treaties with England on 28 June 1513, and subsequently James was excommunicated by Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge. James also summoned sailors and sent the Scottish navy, including the Great Michael, to join the ships of Louis XII of France.


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