Robert Gabriel Mugabe
| Robert Mugabe | |
|---|---|
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Mugabe on a visit to Moscow in May 2015
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| President of Zimbabwe | |
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Assumed office 22 December 1987 |
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| Prime Minister | Morgan Tsvangirai (2009–2013) |
| Vice President |
Joshua Nkomo (1987–1999) Simon Muzenda (1987–2003) Joseph Msika (1999–2009) Joice Mujuru (2004–2014) John Nkomo (2009–2013) Emmerson Mnangagwa (2014–present) Phelekezela Mphoko (2014–present) |
| Preceded by | Canaan Banana |
| Prime Minister of Zimbabwe | |
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In office 18 April 1980 – 22 December 1987 |
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| President | Canaan Banana |
| Deputy | Simon Muzenda |
| Preceded by |
Abel Muzorewa (Zimbabwe Rhodesia) |
| Succeeded by | Morgan Tsvangirai (2009) |
| 13th Chairperson of the African Union | |
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In office 30 January 2015 – 30 January 2016 |
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| Preceded by | Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz |
| Succeeded by | Idriss Déby |
| Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
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In office 6 September 1986 – 7 September 1989 |
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| Preceded by | Zail Singh |
| Succeeded by | Janez Drnovšek |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Robert Gabriel Mugabe 21 February 1924 Kutama, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) |
| Political party | Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (1987–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
National Democratic Party (1960–1961) Zimbabwe African People's Union (1961–1963) Zimbabwe African National Union (1963–1987) |
| Spouse(s) |
Sally Hayfron (1961–1992; her death) Grace Marufu (1996–present) |
| Children | Nhamodzenyika (deceased) Bona Robert Peter Bellarmine Chatunga |
| Education | Kutama College |
| Alma mater |
University of Fort Hare University of South Africa University of London |
| Signature |  |
Robert Gabriel Mugabe (/muːˈɡɑːbiː/; Shona pronunciation: [muɡaɓe]; born 21 February 1924) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who has been President of Zimbabwe since 1987; he previously led Zimbabwe as Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987. He chaired the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) group from 1975 to 1980 and has led its successor political party, the ZANU - Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), since 1980. Ideologically an African nationalist, during the 1970s and 1980s he identified as a Marxist-Leninist although after the 1990s self-identified only as a socialist; his policies have been described as Mugabeism.
Mugabe was born to a poor Shona family in Kutama, Southern Rhodesia. Following an education at Kutama College and the University of Fort Hare, he worked as a school teacher in Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Ghana. Angered that Southern Rhodesia was a British colony governed by a white elite, Mugabe embraced Marxism and joined African nationalist protests calling for an independent black-led state. After making anti-government comments he was convicted of sedition and imprisoned between 1964 and 1974. On release he fled to Mozambique, established his leadership of ZANU, and oversaw ZANU's role in the Rhodesian Bush War, fighting Ian Smith's white-minority government. He reluctantly took part in the peace negotiations brokered by the United Kingdom that resulted in the Lancaster House Agreement. The agreement dismantled white-minority rule and resulted in the 1980 general election, at which Mugabe led ZANU-PF to victory and became Prime Minister of the newly renamed Zimbabwe. Mugabe's administration expanded healthcare and education, and—despite his Marxist rhetoric and professed desire for a socialist society—adhered largely to conservative economic policies.
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