Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath

Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath, (1687–1737), known as Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet from 1689 until 1702, was a Scottish nobleman and Jacobite supporter during the 1715 Jacobite uprising. For this he was attainted in 1716, and from that point known as Robert Dalzell.

Lord Carnwath was the son and heir of Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet and Harriet Murray. He was also the heir male of his cousin John Dalzell who was fourth Earl of Carnwath and fifth Lord Dalzell. The Earldom has a special remainder to heirs male whatsoever bearing the name and Arms of Dalzell. This means that it can pass to the senior male heir, whoever that is, outside of the line descending from the first holder the title, should that line become extinct. There is not the usual requirement that the heir be of the body of the original holder. The senior heir male is merely required to have the surname and Arms of Dalzell, if not by birth, then by Deed poll and Royal Licence.

Succession to the Earldom by this special remainder was therefore first to occur on the death of the fourth Earl in 1702, when the line of the first Earl became extinct. The Earldom was therefore able to pass through collateral succession to Lord Carnwath, the senior heir of the first Lord, and a collateral heir of the first Earl, being the great-grandson of the first Earl's brother. But for this remainder, he would have inherited only the Lordship of Dalzell, and the Earldom would have then become extinct.

Lord Carnwath was married four times. He married, firstly, Lady Grace Montgomerie, daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton and Margaret Cochrane, on 19 January 1710. They had two daughters together, Lady Margaret Dalzell (died 18 April 1781) and Lady Euphemia Dalzell (born 12 February 1703).

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