Rio Unini Extractive Reserve
| Rio Unini Extractive Reserve | |
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| Reserva Extrativista Rio Unini | |
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IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
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| Nearest city | Barcelos, Amazonas |
| Coordinates | 1°30′50″S 63°11′46″W / 1.513756°S 63.195976°WCoordinates: 1°30′50″S 63°11′46″W / 1.513756°S 63.195976°W |
| Area | 833,352 hectares (2,059,260 acres) |
| Designation | Extractive reserve |
| Created | 21 June 2006 |
| Administrator | Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation |
The Rio Unini Extractive Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Extrativista Rio Unini) is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Rio Unini Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas. It has an area of 833,352 hectares (2,059,260 acres). It extends upstream along the left (north) bank of the Unini River from its mouth on the Rio Negro and then upstream along the left bank of its main tributary, the Água Preta stream. The eastern section adjoins the Jaú National Park, and the western section adjoins the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, both to the south of the river or stream. The reserve is part of the Amazonia Central Corridor, the Biosphere Reserve of the Central Amazon and the Lower Rio Negro Mosaic. The mosaic was created in 2010 with eleven conservation units, giving a forum for diverse social actors to communicate and manage development projects in the broader region.
Average annual rainfall is about 2,000 millimetres (79 in). Temperatures range from 14 to 39 °C (57 to 102 °F) with an average of 25 °C (77 °F). The terrain is flat and undulating. The reserve has very diverse geology, soil, vegetation and fauna. The main river, the Unini, has numerous meanders and floodplains, with a rich diversity of aquatic environments.
Vegetation includes dense rainforest (53%), terra firma forest (29%), igapó (11%) and campinarana (5%). Fauna in the reserve that are endemic to the Rio Negro basin include the Symphysodon discus and Cacajao melanocephalus. The fish of the black water Unini are mostly of the Characiformes and Siluriformes orders. There are three newly discovered fish species, and several rare species of birds and bees. Some of the fish, turtles and birds are at risk from over-hunting. There is some risk from illegal fishing, mining and deforestation, but it is low compared to other conservation units.
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