Reusable spaceship

A reusable launch system (RLS, or reusable launch vehicle, RLV) is a launch system intended to allow for recovery of all or part of its components for later reuse. This contrasts with expendable launch systems, where each launch vehicle is launched once and then discarded. To date, no 100% reusable orbital launch system has ever been created.

The first major attempt at a RLV was the NASA developed Space Shuttle. It was intended to greatly reduce the cost of access to low Earth orbit, but was criticized for failing to deliver on this goal. The space shuttle system included a reusable orbiter (which included the Space Shuttle main engines and the Orbital Maneuvering System engines), and two solid rocket boosters which were reused after several months of refitting work for each launch. The external tank was discarded after each flight. Due to multiple failures with loss of crew and high cost of maintenance, the Space Shuttle system was retired in 2011.

SpaceX and Blue Origins have recently reintroduced the concept of RLV. The Blue Origins design has recoverable first and second stages but is still in development and is only capable of suborbital flights. The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket has a reusable first stage and expendable second stage, and is currently in use for the NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program and commercial satellite launches. Video of the first successful landing of a new first stage can be found here. On 30 March 2017, a reused Falcon 9 successfully landed on an Autonomous Spaceport Drone Ship (ASDS), after its second launch, marking the first successful relaunch and landing of a used orbital-class booster. SpaceX now routinely recovers and reuses their first stages.

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