Republic of Benin (Nigeria)
| Republic of Benin | ||||||||||
| Puppet state of Biafra | ||||||||||
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Motto "Unity and Strength" |
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.png) Location of the Republic of Benin (green) next to Biafra (light green) and in the larger African context
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| Capital | Benin City | |||||||||
| Languages | English (official) Edo · Igbo · Ijaw · Urhobo |
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| Government | Republic | |||||||||
| Governor | Albert Nwazu Okonkwo | |||||||||
| Historical era | Nigerian Civil War | |||||||||
| • | Established | September 19, 1967 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | September 20, 1967 | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1967 est. | 3,000,000 | ||||||||
| Currency |
Biafran pound Nigerian pound |
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The short-lived Republic of Benin, in Nigeria's coastal Bight of Benin, was named after its capital Benin City. Previously Nigeria's Mid-Western region, it was controlled by Biafran forces during the early stages of the Nigerian Civil War. The state was declared on 20 September 1967, even as Federal Nigeria was completing its reconquest of the region.
In the lead-up to the Civil War, Mid-Western attempted to take a neutral position; shortly before Biafra announced its secession from Nigeria, Mid-Western leaders sponsored a peace conference near Benin City, and state officials refused to permit federal troops to invade Biafra through Mid-Western. In August 1967, Biafran forces took control of Mid-Western, and American-educated doctor Albert Okonkwo was made the new head of government. Initially, the Igbo population welcomed Biafran control, while non-Igbos generally were unhappy but decided to wait for a restoration of federal control; initial relations between the administration and non-Igbos were peaceful but uneasy. In order to improve relations with the non-Igbo segments of the population, Governor Okonkwo's administration saturated homes and streets with news from the Biafran position, and the mass media began to fill the state with news about the oppression of the Igbo in Federal Nigeria. As the days passed, the state's ethnic divide quickly became evident: the endless public relations campaign succeeded in changing non-Igbos' minds, but instead of converting them from pro-Biafran sympathy to outright support, it destroyed their sympathy for the secessionist cause. As relations continued to deteriorate, President C. Odumegwu Ojukwu visited Mid-Western to raise support and met with leaders of the previously banned National Convention of Nigerian Citizens. Although the visit prompted increased support among former NCNC partisans, their former intra-party discord reawakened. At the same time, NCNC partisans began to clash with supporters of other parties, and non-Igbos' rejection of the invasion solidified.
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Wikipedia