Renal anomalies

Kidney
Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed
Details
System	Urinary system and endocrine system
Artery	Renal artery
Vein	Renal vein
Nerve	Renal plexus
Identifiers
Latin	Ren
Greek	Nephros
MeSH	A05.810.453
Dorlands /Elsevier	Kidney
TA	A08.1.01.001
FMA	7203
Anatomical terminology []

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found on the left and right sides of the body in vertebrates. Unlike the heart or lungs they possess no overtly moving structures. They filter the blood in order to make urine, to release and retain water, and to remove waste/Nitrogen (The excretory system). They also control the ion concentrations and acid-base balance of the blood. Each kidney feeds urine into the bladder by means of a tube known as the ureter. They are roughly 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in length.

The kidneys regulate the balance of ions known as electrolytes in the blood, along with maintaining acid base homeostasis. They also move waste products out of the blood and into the urine, such as nitrogen-containing urea and ammonium. Kidneys also regulate fluid balance and blood pressure. They are also responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose, and amino acids. The kidneys also produce hormones including calcitriol and erythropoietin. The kidneys also make an important enzyme, renin, which affects blood pressure through negative feedback.

Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space, the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal arteries, and drain into the paired renal veins.