Red Shirt (Oglala)
| Red Shirt | |
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Chief Red Shirt
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| Oglala Lakota leader | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1847 near Fort Fetterman, Wyoming |
| Died | January 4, 1925 Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota |
| Spouse(s) | In Sight |
| Children | Annie Red Shirt, William Red Shirt, Joseph Red Shirt, II |
| Known for | Oglala chief, warrior and statesman. Served on peace delegations, international celebrity with Buffalo Bill's Wild West. |
Red Shirt (Oglala Lakota: Ógle Lúta in Standard Lakota Orthography) (a/k/a "Ogilasa" and "Joseph Red Shirt") (1847-January 4, 1925) was an Oglala Lakota chief, warrior and statesman. Red Shirt is notable in American history as a U.S. Army Native Scout and a progressive Oglala Lakota leader who promoted friendly associations with whites and education for his people. Red Shirt opposed Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, and was a Lakota delegate to Washington in 1880. Red Shirt was one of the first Wild Westers with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and a supporter of the Carlisle Native Industrial School. Red Shirt became an international celebrity Wild Westing with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and his 1887 appearance in England captured the attention of Europeans and presented a progressive image of Native Americans.
Red Shirt was born near Fort Fetterman, Wyoming. There are several accounts of Red Shirt's early life. One account is that Red Shirt is the son of a white man and a Lakota mother. Another account, by Red Shirt, is that he was the son of a great warrior chief.Will Rogers reported that Red Shirt was the son of Red Dog, a progressive headman of the Oyuhpe band who settled at Pine Ridge, South Dakota. Red Shirt and Red Dog were Lakota delegates to Washington in 1880, served as Pine Ridge Indian Police and sent their children to the Carlisle Native Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Historians agree that by 1877 Red Shirt had emerged as a leader of the Wagluhe at Pine Ridge.
Red Shirt was a U.S. Army Native Scout with U.S. 4th Cavalry Regiment during the Great Sioux War of 1876-77 and emerged as a "up and coming" Wagluhe leader. During this time, the Wagluhe split into three bands, those of American Horse, Blue Horse and Three Bears. Red Shirt served as Three Bears’ lieutenant, and officially became a chief in 1879 at Pine Ridge Agency. In 1879, Red Shirt also became a chief of the Pine Ridge Police, and continued in that capacity at least through 1910. In 1880, Red Shirt traveled to the Carlisle Native School with Red Cloud and Red Dog and on to Washington D.C. as a Lakota delegate.
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