Chief Blue Horse
| Blue Horse | |
|---|---|
| Sunka Wakan | |
Blue horse painted by Elbridge Ayer Burbank, 1898.
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| Oglala Lakota leader | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1822 |
| Died | July 16, 1908 (age 86-87) Pine Ridge Indian Reservation |
| Spouse(s) | Council Fire Woman |
| Relations | Red Cloud (adopted brother) Big Mouth (twin brother) |
| Children | Baldwin Blue Horse (son) Jennie Blue Horse (daughter) Lizzie Blue Horse (daughter) |
| Parents | Old Chief Smoke (father) Burnt Her Woman (mother) |
'Blue Horse (Oglala Lakota: (Šúŋkawakȟáŋ Tȟó in Standard Lakota Orthography) (1822—July 16, 1908) was a leader of the Wágluȟe Band of Oglala Lakota, warrior, statesman and educator. Blue Horse is notable in American history as one of the first Oglala Lakota United States Army Indian Scouts and signatory of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868.
Blue Horse was known for a willingness to rescue white men in distress and the iconic one-eyed chief was popular subject for portraitists. Blue Horse's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota through the 19th and early 20th centuries. Blue Horse and his adopted brother Red Cloud fought for over 50 years to deflect the worst effects of white rule; feed, clothe and educate their people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.
Blue Horse was the second son of Old Chief Smoke and Burnt Her Woman, and the twin brother of Big Mouth.
Red Cloud was the adopted brother of Blue Horse. Red Cloud was adopted by Old Chief Smoke, his maternal uncle, around 1825 at the age of three after Red Cloud’s parents died. Blue Horse and Red Cloud were raised as brothers and mentored by Old Chief Smoke. As a young warrior, Blue Horse led war parties with Red Cloud against the Ute, Shoshone, Bannock, Arikara, Crow, Omaha, Pawnee and Piegan.
Old Chief Smoke had five wives who bore him many children. Old Chief Smoke’s sons carried the Smoke People legacy of leadership in Oglala Lakota culture into the 20th century. The children of Old Chief Smoke were Spotted Horse Woman, Big Mouth (1822-1869), Blue Horse (1822-1908), Red Cloud (1822-1909), American Horse, the elder (1830-1876), Bull Bear III, Solomon Smoke II, No Neck and Woman Dress (1846-1920).
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