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Rainham, Essex

Rainham
Rainham Hall 2007.jpg
Rainham Hall on Broadway
Rainham is located in Greater London
Rainham
Rainham
Rainham shown within Greater London
Population 12,482 (Rainham and Wennington ward 2011)
OS grid reference TQ525825
• Charing Cross 13.6 mi (21.9 km) W
London borough
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town RAINHAM
Postcode district RM13
Dialling code 01708
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
EU Parliament London
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°31′04″N 0°11′41″E / 51.5177°N 0.1948°E / 51.5177; 0.1948Coordinates: 51°31′04″N 0°11′41″E / 51.5177°N 0.1948°E / 51.5177; 0.1948

Rainham is a suburban town on the outskirts of east London, England, and part of the London Borough of Havering. Historically part of the county of Essex, Rainham is 13.6 miles (21.9 km) east of Charing Cross and is surrounded by a residential area, which has grown from the historic village, to the north and a commercial area, fronting the River Thames, to the south. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Rainham significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The economic history of Rainham is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to industry and manufacture and is now in a period of regeneration, coming within the London Riverside section of the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation area of responsibility.

Rainham is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Raineham and is thought to mean 'homestead or village of a man called Regna', formed from an Old English name and 'hām', meaning settlement. It is also possible that it follows Rainham, Kent which is thought to derive 'home of the Roegingas'. This is also of uncertain meaning, but could refer to 'the ruling people'.

For much of its history Rainham was an agricultural settlement, using the River Thames for trade. In the 16th century industry was limited to a boat-builder and tannery. There are links between Rainham farms and the City of London from the Middle Ages and after the wharf was redeveloped in the 1720s trade increased; including the bringing of muck from London for use in the fields. By 1929 most of the farmland had been given over to market gardening. The ferry to London was supplemented with new coaching links in the 18th century and a railway station opened in 1854. A second wharf was constructed in 1872 and from 1869 there was a growth in industrial development, including chemical and fertiliser factories. The Murex iron-founders moved to Rainham in 1917 and grew along the river, eventually becoming part of the British Oxygen Company. Away from the river, other industries included brickmaking and after World War II there was a growth in gravel extraction.


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