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Raffinose

Raffinose
Raffinose.svg
Rafinosa-3D.png
Names
IUPAC names
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4- Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)
oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-[ [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- (hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]
oxane-3,4,5-triol
Other names
Melitose
Melitriose
Gossypose
α-D-Galactosylsucrose
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.407
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
C18H32O16
Molar mass 504.42 g/mol
Melting point 118 °C
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme not found in the human digestive tract. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other α-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. The enzyme does not cleave β-linked galactose, as in lactose.

The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) are alpha-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose, and the most common are the trisaccharide raffinose, the tetrasaccharide stachyose, and the pentasaccharide verbascose. RFOs are almost ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, being found in a large variety of seeds from many different families, and they rank second only to sucrose in abundance as soluble carbohydrates.

Humans and other monogastric animals (pigs and poultry) do not possess the α-GAL enzyme to break down RFOs and these oligosaccharides pass undigested through the stomach and upper intestine. In the lower intestine, they are fermented by gas-producing bacteria that do possess the α-GAL enzyme and make carbon dioxide, methane or hydrogen—leading to the flatulence commonly associated with eating beans and other vegetables. α-GAL is present in digestive aids such as the product Beano.


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