RD-214
Museum of Space and Missile Technology (Saint Petersburg). RD-214 rocket engine for Сosmos LV first stage.
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| Country of origin | USSR |
|---|---|
| Date | 1955-1959 |
| Designer | Energomash, V.Glushko |
| Manufacturer | Plant No. 19 named after I. V. Stalin |
| Associated L/V | R-12 and Kosmos-2 |
| Status | Retired |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | AK-27I / TM-185 |
| Mixture ratio | 3.97 |
| Cycle | Gas Generator |
| Configuration | |
| Chamber | 4 |
| Nozzle ratio | 9.42 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust (vac.) | 730.2 kilonewtons (164,200 lbf) |
| Thrust (SL) | 635.2 kilonewtons (142,800 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 4.36 megapascals (632 psi) |
| Isp (vac.) | 264 s (2.59 km/s) |
| Isp (SL) | 230 s (2.3 km/s) |
| Burn time | 140 s |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2,380 millimetres (94 in) |
| Diameter | 1,480 millimetres (58 in) |
| Dry weight | 655 kilograms (1,444 lb) |
| Used in | |
| R-12 and Kosmos-2 | |
| References | |
| References | |
The RD-214 (GRAU Index 8D59) was a liquid rocket engine, burning AK-27I (a mixture of 73% nitric acid and 27% N2O4 + iodine passivant and TM-185 (a kerosene and gasoline mix) in the gas generator cycle. As was the case with many V-2 influenced engines, the single turbine was driven by steam generated by catalytic decomposition of H2O2. It also had four combustion chambers and vector control was achieved by refractory vanes protruding into the nozzles exhaust.
After the World War II, the Soviet engineers tried to absorb and further develop the German rocketry technology. For the requirements to have storable propellants and higher thrust, Glushko's OKB-456 developed the RD-211, which had four combustion chambers, each having twice the thrust of the RD-100, itself a Russian adaptation of the V-2 A-4 engine. The four chambers were fed from a single turbopump which, also like its German inspiration, was feed by steam generated from catalytic decomposition of H2O2. When then came the requirement for the Buran cruise missile project, a version for that application was developed in the RD-212. Regrettably, both RD-211 and RD-212 proved too week for the application and the project were abandoned for the RD-213 for Buran. When Yangel's OKB-586 was tasked with developing the first storable propellant ballistic missile in the Soviet arsenal, the RD-211 proved too weak. Thus, the project was definitely abandoned and the more powerful RD-214 was developed. While Korolev refusal to use toxic propellants basically left him out of the ballistic missile development race, the basic design of the RD-211 also served as basis for the RD-107/RD-108 engine, which went to be the most flown rocket engines in history.
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