Queen Dowager Shi

Queen Dowager Shi (史太妃, personal name unknown) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of two of Yang Xingmi's sons, Yang Wo and Yang Longyan (also known as Yang Wei), both of whom would become rulers of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu (known as Hongnong during Yang Wo's reign), and thus was a queen dowager of Wu.

It is not known when Lady Shi was born. According to the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋), her family was from the Qi-Lu region (i.e., modern Shandong), but the same source also noted a possible alternative origin — that she was a cousin of the father of the Jin general Shi Jiantang (史建瑭), who served under Jin's princes Li Keyong and Li Cunxu. She became a concubine of Yang Xingmi's during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang (r. 873-888) and bore him his two oldest sons, Yang Wo (born 886) and Yang Longyan (born 897). There was no record on whether Yang Xingmi made her his wife after he divorced his wife Lady Zhu in 903, but it is known that she was created the Lady of Yuzhang, while Lady Zhu previously held the greater title of Lady of Yan.

Yang Xingmi died in 905. Yang Wo succeeded him as the Tang military governor (Jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and the effective ruler of rest of Yang Xingmi's domain, which effectively became an independent state after rival warlord Zhu Quanzhong seized the Tang throne and declared himself emperor of a new state of Later Liang in 907 — although Yang Wo continued to use the Tang era name of Tianyou and thus his domain remained technically a part of the defunct Tang state. He carried the title of Prince of Hongnong, which had been bestowed by the Tang imperial emissary Li Yan. He honored his mother Lady Shi as Lady Dowager.

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