Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
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| Country/ies of origin |
 Japan
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|---|---|
| Operator(s) | JAXA |
| Type | civilian |
| Status | in development |
| Coverage | regional |
| Precision | 0.01–1 meters |
| Constellation size | |
| Total satellites | 4 |
| Satellites in orbit | 1 |
| First launch | September 2010 |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Regime(s) | 3x GSO |
| Other details | |
| Cost | JPY 170 billion |
| Website | qz-vision |
The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) is a proposed three-satellite regional time transfer system and the satellite-based augmentation system for the Global Positioning System that would be receivable within Japan. The first satellite "Michibiki" was launched on 11 September 2010. Full operational status was expected by 2013. In March 2013, Japan's Cabinet Office announced the expansion of the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System from three satellites to four. The $526 million contract with Mitsubishi Electric for the construction of three satellites is slated for launch before the end of 2017. The basic four-satellite system is planned to be operational in 2018.
Authorized by the Japanese government in 2002, work on a concept for a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), or Juntencho (準天頂?) in Japanese, began development by the Advanced Space Business Corporation (ASBC) team, including Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, and GNSS Technologies Inc. However, ASBC collapsed in 2007. The work was taken over by the Satellite Positioning Research and Application Center. SPAC is owned by four departments of the Japanese government: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
QZSS is targeted at mobile applications, to provide communications-based services (video, audio, and data) and positioning information. With regards to its positioning service, QZSS can only provide limited accuracy on its own and is not currently required in its specifications to work in a stand-alone mode. As such, it is viewed as a GNSS Augmentation service. Its positioning service could also collaborate with the geostationary satellites in Japan's Multi-Functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT), currently under development, which itself is a Satellite Based Augmentation System similar to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).
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