Proposed secession of Republika Srpska

The Dayton Agreement ended the Bosnian War and created the federal republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), made up of two entities, the Bosniak and Croat-inhabited Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), and the Serb-inhabited Republika Srpska (RS). In the first years after the war, the Bosnian Serbs were viewed of as "anti-Dayton", however, since 2000, they are staunch supporters of the Dayton Agreement and preservation of RS. Bosniaks, overall, view RS as illegitimate and would see it abolished. There has been statements in RS regarding a theoretical future independence referendum from BiH in case of abolition. The 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum and Kosovo declaration of independence has raised the issue of RS's referendum and possibility of unification with Serbia. In 2015, RS government SNSD stated it would call an independence referendum in 2018 if RS's autonomy is not preserved, following crisis in the country regarding judicial and police matters.

During the Yugoslav Wars, the aim of Republika Srpska (RS), a Serb-controlled territory in the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, was the unification with the rest of the "Serb lands" — Republika Srpska Krajina (RSK, in Croatia), Republic of Serbia and Republic of Montenegro (into FR Yugoslavia). The "United Serb Republic" was a project of unification of the two self-proclaimed Serb states, RS and RSK, with the intent of it later being annexed by the "mother-state of Serbia".

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