Principality of Lübeck
| Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck | ||||||||||
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Hochstift Lübeck also Fürstbistum Lübeck |
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| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (dark blue) within the Holy Roman Empire (as of 1648), the episcopal residence in Eutin shown by a red spot (other prince-bishoprics in light blue)
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| Capital | Lübeck (seat of the chapter), Eutin (prince-episcopal residence) since 1309 |
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| Languages | Holsatian | |||||||||
| Government | Theocracy | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Diocese reestablished at Oldenburg | 1149 | ||||||||
| • | Moved to Lübeck | 1180 | ||||||||
| • | Reichsfreiheit | 1180 | ||||||||
| • | Joined Lower Saxon Circle | 1500 | ||||||||
| • | Protestant Reformation | 1535 | ||||||||
| • | Secularized to Duchy of Oldenburg | 1803 | ||||||||
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The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and, later, Protestant diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
The original diocese was founded about 970 by Emperor Otto I in the Billung March at Oldenburg in Holstein (Aldinborg or Starigard), the former capital of the pagan Wagri tribe. Oldenburg was then a suffragan diocese of the Archbishopric of Bremen, meant to missionize the Obotrites. However, in the course of the 983 Slavic uprising (see Lutici), the Wagri shook off Imperial supremacy and in 1038, the bishops were barred from entering their diocese. In 1052, the dioceses of Ratzeburg and Schwerin were split off from Oldenburg and no bishop was appointed after 1066.
After the Saxon count Henry of Badewide had campaigned in the Wagrian lands east of the Limes Saxoniae in 1138/39, a new Bishop of Oldenburg, Vicelinus, was appointed in 1149. Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony moved the seat of the diocese from Oldenburg to Lübeck in 1160. When the Duchy of Saxony was dissolved with Henry's deposition in 1180, the Bishopric gained the status of Imperial State (reichsunmittelbar). Quarrels arose after the City of Lübeck gained imperial immediacy in 1226 and as the territory of the state was centered on Eutin, the town in 1309 became the residence of the bishops.
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