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Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen

Principality of Calenberg
Fürstentum Calenberg
State of the Holy Roman Empire
1432–1692


Coat of arms

Schloss und Ampt Calenberg, engraving by Caspar Merian (1654)
Capital Calenberg
Hanover (from 1636)
Languages German
Low Saxon
Government Principality
Historical era Middle Ages
Early modern time
 •  William the Victorious first Prince of Calenberg 1432
 •  Incorporated Principality of Göttingen 1495
 •  Joined Lower Saxon Circle 1500
 •  Line extinct, fell back to Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1584
 •  Fell to House of Hanover 1635
 •  Raised to Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1692
 •  Acquired Lüneburg 1705
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Armoiries de La Falloise.svg Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg


Coat of arms

The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes.

When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister". This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In fact, the Principality extended west of the Leine from Schulenburg as far as Neustadt am Rübenberge in the north and thus much further north than the foothills of the Deister. To the south-west the territory stretched as far as Hamelin on the Weser, well beyond the Deister.


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