Presidential Republic (1925–1973)
| Republic of Chile | ||||||||||
| República de Chile | ||||||||||
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Anthem Himno Nacional de Chile |
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| Capital | Santiago | |||||||||
| Languages | Spanish | |||||||||
| Government | Presidential System | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1925 | Arturo Alessandri Palma first | ||||||||
| • | 1970–1973 | Salvador Allende Gossens last | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Constitution of 1925 | September 18, 1925 | ||||||||
| • | Admitted to the United Nations | October 25, 1945 | ||||||||
| • | Coup d'etát | September 11, 1973 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chilean peso | |||||||||
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The Presidential Republic (Spanish: República Presidencial) is the period in the History of Chile spanning from the approval of the 1925 Constitution on 18 September 1925, under the government of Arturo Alessandri Palma, to the fall of the Popular Unity government headed by the President Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973. The period spans the same time as the "Development inwards" (Desarrollo hacia adentro) period in Chilean economic history.
Headed by Colonel Marmaduque Grove, left-wing militaries deposed in the 1925 coup the September Junta, and handed the power to General Pedro Dartnell as interim president, hoping to recall from exile Arturo Alessandri Palma. Dartnell, however, decided to form another junta, the January Junta, which ended with Alessandri's return on March 20, 1925. Alessandri had a new Constitution drafted, and approved by plebiscite by 134,421 voters on August 30. The Constitution, which was promulgated on September 18, 1925, reinforced presidential powers over the legislative. Furthermore, Alessandri created a Central Bank, initiating the first rupture with classical liberalism's laissez faire policies.
Alessandri's second government began with the support of left-wing and radical groups. However, this second group began to distance itself from the President. In March 1925, Alessandri's government repressed a demonstration, leading to the Marusia massacre (500 deaths), soon followed by La Coruña massacre.
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