Portuguese Inquisition
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General Council of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Portugal Conselho Geral do Santo Ofício Portuguese Inquisition |
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|---|---|
Seal of the Inquisition
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| Type | |
| Type |
Council under the election of the Portuguese monarchy
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| History | |
| Established | 23 May 1536 |
| Disbanded | 31 March 1821 |
| Seats | Consisted of a Grand Inquisitor, who headed the General Council of the Holy Office |
| Elections | |
| Grand Inquisitor chosen by crown and named by pope | |
| Meeting place | |
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Portuguese Empire Headquarters: Estaus Palace, Lisbon |
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| Footnotes | |
| See also: Medieval Inquisition Spanish Inquisition Goa Inquisition |
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The Portuguese Inquisition (Portuguese: Inquisição Portuguesa) was formally established in Portugal in 1536 at the request of its king, John III. Manuel I had asked for the installation of the Inquisition in 1515 to fulfill the commitment of marriage with Maria of Aragon, but it was only after his death that Pope Paul III acquiesced. In the period after the Medieval Inquisition, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition along with the Spanish Inquisition and Roman Inquisition.
The major target of the Portuguese Inquisition were those who had converted from Judaism to Catholicism, the Conversos, also known as New Christians or Marranos, who were suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Many of these were originally Spanish Jews, who had left Spain for Portugal. The number of victims is estimated around 40,000.
As in Spain, the Inquisition was subject to the authority of the King. It was headed by a Grand Inquisitor, or General Inquisitor, named by the Pope but selected by the king, always from within the royal family. The Grand Inquisitor would later nominate other inquisitors. In Portugal, the first Grand Inquisitor was personal confessor of King John III and Bishop of Ceuta. He was followed by Cardinal Henry, brother of John III, who would later become king. There were Courts of the Inquisition in Lisbon, Coimbra, and Évora, and for a short time (1541 until c. 1547) also in Porto, Tomar and Lamego.
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