Pope Julius II
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Pope Julius II |
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| Bishop of Rome | |
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| Papacy began | 1 November 1503 |
| Papacy ended | 21 February 1513 |
| Predecessor | Pius III |
| Successor | Leo X |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1471 |
| Consecration | 1481 by Sixtus IV |
| Created Cardinal | 15 December 1471 by Sixtus IV |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Giuliano della Rovere |
| Born |
5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa |
| Died | 21 February 1513 (aged 69) Rome, Papal States |
| Parents | Rafaello della Rovere and Theodora Manerola |
| Children | Felice della Rovere |
| Previous post | Archbishop of Avignon (1474–1503) Cardinal-bishop of Sabina (1479–1483) Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1479) Cardinal-bishop of Ostia (1483–1503) |
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Papal styles of Pope Julius II |
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| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | None |
Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II) (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope", born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1 November 1503 to his death in 1513. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts—he commissioned the destruction and rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, plus Michelangelo's decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. In addition to an active military policy, he personally led troops into battle on at least two occasions.
There is disagreement about Julius's year of birth, for some sources put it as late as 1453. Giuliano della Rovere was the son of Rafaello della Rovere. Francesco della Rovere (later Pope Sixtus IV) was his uncle.
He was educated among the Franciscans by his uncle, who took him under his special charge and later sent him to a Franciscan friary in Perugia with the purpose of obtaining knowledge of the sciences. As Belford-Clarke's piratised Americanized [version of] Encyclopædia Britannica (1890) states, "He does not appear to have joined the order of St. Francis, but to have remained one of the secular clergy until his elevation in 1471 to be bishop of Carpentras [in France], shortly after his uncle succeeded to the papal chair."
After his uncle was elected Pope Sixtus IV, (as Belford-Clarke states) della Rovere "was promoted to be cardinal, taking the same title as that formerly held by his uncle, [Cardinal of] St. Peter ad Vincula. With his uncle [as Pope] he obtained very great influence, and in addition to the archbishopric of Avignon he held no fewer than eight bishoprics," including Lausanne from 1472, and Coutances from 1476. In June 1474, della Rovere led an army to Todi and Spoleto, and the Città di Castello.
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