Polymyxin B

Polymyxin B
Clinical data


AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy category	C
Routes of administration	Topical, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Intrathecal, or Ophthalmic
ATC code	A07AA05 (WHO) J01XB02 (WHO) S01AA18 (WHO) S02AA11 (WHO) S03AA03 (WHO) QJ51XB02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: Over-the-counter (OTC)
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-[4-amino-1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-15-benzyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-12-(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide
CAS Number	1405-20-5^Y
PubChem CID	5702105
DrugBank	DB00781^N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201283^N
NIAID ChemDB	007797
ECHA InfoCard	100.014.340
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₅₆H₁₀₀N₁₆O₁₇S
Molar mass	1301.56 g/mol
^NY (what is this?)

Polymyxin B is an antibiotic primarily used for resistant Gram-negative infections. It is derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa. Polymyxin B is composed of a number of related compounds (see "Mixture composition"). It has a bactericidal action against almost all Gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus and Neisseria genera. Polymyxins bind to the cell membrane and alter its structure, making it more permeable. The resulting water uptake leads to cell death. Polymyxins are cationic, basic peptides that act like detergents (surfactants). Side effects include neurotoxicity and acute renal tubular necrosis. Polymyxins are used in the topical first-aid preparation Neosporin.

Polymyxin B is composed of polymyxins B1, B1-I, B2, B3, and B6. Polymyxins B1 and B2 are considered major components. These related components are structurally identical with the exception of a variable fatty acid group on each fraction. Results from in vitro studies have shown marginal differences in MIC data when comparing the fractions.

In addition to its antibiotic function, polymyxin B has been used to clear endotoxin contamination in reagents. Polymyxin B is also used to induce envelope stress in order to study the organisms response to such stress. Polymyxin envelope stress assays such as this have been used for the study of sRNA responses in Salmonella enterica.

An endotoxin removal cartridge (Toraymyxin) is a blood purification medical device and it uses polymyxin B as immobilized adsorbent.Toray Industries developed the treatment.

Polymyxin B has been used to treat urinary tract infections and meningitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae, respectively. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms.

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