Politiki lyra
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| String instrument | |
|---|---|
| Classification | stringed |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 321.321 (Necked bowl lute) |
| Related instruments | |
| Byzantine lyra, Gadulka, Calabrian Lira, Cretan lyra, Lijerica | |
The classical kemenche (Turkish: Klasik kemençe) or Armudî kemençe (pear-shaped kemenche) or Politiki lyra (Greek: πολίτικη λύρα, Constantinopolitan Lyre) is a pear-shaped bowed instrument.
Nowadays mainly used in classical Ottoman music, the instrument was also used earlier for popular music, such as early "Smyrna-Style" Rebetiko. It has become the main bowed instrument of Ottoman classical music since the mid 19th century.
The name Kemençe derives from the Persian Kamancheh, and means merely "small bow".
The name lyra derives from the name of the ancient Greek lyre and was used in medieval times, see Byzantine lyra.
It is played in the downright position, either by resting it on the knee when sitting, or held in front of the player when standing. It is always played "braccio", that is, with the tuning head uppermost. The kemenche bow is called the yay (Turkish: Yay) and the doksar (Greek: δοξάρι), the Greek term for bow.
The strings are stopped by touching them by the side with the nails, like for many folk fiddles from Southeastern Europe to the Indian sub-continent, including the Indian sarangi.
Its pear-shaped body, elliptical pegbox and neck are fashioned from a single piece of wood. Its sound-board has two D-shaped soundholes of some 4x3 cm, approximately 25 mm apart, the rounded side facing outwards. The bridge is placed between, one side resting on the face of the instrument and the other on the sound post. A small hole 3–4 mm in diameter is bored in the back, directly below the bridge, and a ‘back channel’ (‘sırt oluğu’) begins from a triangular raised area (‘mihrap’) which is an extension of the neck, widens in the middle, and ends in a point near the tailpiece (“kuyruk takozu”) to which the gut or metal strings are attached. There is no nut to equalize the vibrating lengths of the strings.
The pegs, which are 14–15 cm long, form a triangle on the head, the middle string being 37–40 mm longer than the strings to either side of it. The vibrating lengths of the short strings are 25.5–26 cm. All the strings are of gut but the yegâh string is silver-wound. Today players may use synthetic racquet strings, aluminium-wound gut, synthetic silk or chromed steel violin strings.
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Wikipedia