Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of five disability categories; amputation, the condition may be congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes, there is often overlap between this and other categories; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis. Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.

Poland qualified two archers for the Rio Games following their performance at the 2015 World Archery Para Championships, both in the recurve open with one spot for a man and one for a woman. Milena Olszewska earned the first spot. She came into the competition as the 2014 European Para Archery Championship the silver medallist. Piotr Sawicki earned Poland's second spot after defeating Japan’s Takahiro Hasegawa.

With one pathway for qualification being one highest ranked NPCs on the UCI Para-Cycling male and female Nations Ranking Lists on 31 December 2014, Poland qualified for the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio, assuming they continued to meet all other eligibility requirements.

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