Planchonella australis
| Black apple | |
|---|---|
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| Fluted trunk of the black apple at Watagans National Park, Australia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Sapotaceae |
| Genus: | Pouteria |
| Species: | P. australis |
| Binomial name | |
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Pouteria australis (R.Br.) Baehni |
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| Synonyms | |
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Planchonella australis |
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For black apple cultivar in the U.S. see Arkansas Black
Planchonella australis
Pouteria australis, also known by the synonym Planchonella australis, is a medium to tall rainforest tree of the family Sapotaceae native to Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. It is known by the common name black apple, wild plum, yellow buttonwood,black plum and yellow bulletwood.
The first European account of the tree is in Captain James Cook's logs of his 1770 exploration of the East coast of Australia. The tree was later described as Achras australis by Robert Brown in his 1810 work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, before being moved to its current binomial name by Baehni in 1942. The alternate name Planchonella australis was coined by Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre in 1890. It belongs to the large genus Pouteria which occurs across the tropics from South America to Indonesia and into eastern Australia. A genetic analysis of Internal transcribed spacer RNA material found that Pouteria australis was most closely related a pair of species, Pouteria cotinifolia and Pouteria eerwah - the three forming a distinct group of Australian species within the genus. An older analysis of DNA material placed it as sister taxon with Pouteria myrsinoides.
Pouteria australis grows as a tree reaching a maximum height of 30 metres (98 feet), with a fluted trunk up to 120 cm (47 in) diameter, with rough brown bark. The leaves are simple, measuring 8–16 cm long and 2–5 cm wide, thick and leathery. The upper surface is shiny, lower surface paler green. They taper somewhat at the apex and base, rendering a somewhat diamond-shape. The flowers are generally axillary. Resembling plums in appearance, the edible fruit are 20–50 mm long, purplish or black, containing 3–5 brown and shiny seeds, 2 cm long. They ripen from September to November. The plant bleeds a milky latex when cut or broken.
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