Pisgah Phase
The Pisgah Phase (1000 to 1450/1500 CE) is an archaeological phase of the South Appalachian Mississippian culture (a regional variation of the Mississippian culture) in parts of northeastern Tennessee, western North Carolina and northwestern South Carolina.
The phase covered a 14,000 square miles (36,000 km2) region in the South Appalachian geologic province. On the rim of the region during an earlier phase, the sites were occupied for rather short periods, with the interior of the region having sites occupied throughout the phase. Between about 1000 and 1250 CE, the region of northeastern Tennessee, western North Carolina and northwestern South Carolina was a subregional development of a local Woodland period population who incorporated characteristics from the larger Mississippian culture. The villages ranged from about a quarter of an acre to 6 acres (24,000 m2) which complexity and cultural pattern does not compare in size to the Mississippian in the south and west. However, the Mississippian cultural pattern influence was as far north as Lee County, Virginia, and south to Oconee County, South Carolina.Pee Dee culture expresses Pisgah cultural traits.
Pisgah Phase peoples, like other Mississippian culture peoples, consumed a variety of wild animal and plant foods. They hunted the wooded uplands for white-tailed deer, bear, and wild turkey. But unlike their predecessors in the region, they were also heavily dependent on maize agriculture, with as much as half of their food being derived from agriculture. The rich bottomlands near their villages were planted with many staples of indigenous agriculture, including the Three Sisters (corn, beans, and squash/pumpkin), and sumpweed (Iva annua).
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