Philip V of Macedon
| Philip V | |
|---|---|
Didrachm of Philip V of Macedon
|
|
| Basileus of Macedonia | |
| Reign | 221–179 BC |
| Predecessor | Antigonus III Doson |
| Successor | Perseus |
| Born | 238 BC Pella, Macedonia |
| Died | 179 BC (aged 59) Amphipolis, Macedonia |
| Spouse | Polycratia |
| Issue |
Perseus Apame IV Demetrius Philippus |
| Greek | Φίλιππος (Philippos) |
| House | Antigonid dynasty |
| Father | Demetrius II Aetolicus |
| Mother | Chryseis |
Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος; 238–179 BC) was King (Basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by an unsuccessful struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. Philip was attractive and charismatic as a young man. A dashing and courageous warrior, he was inevitably compared to Alexander the Great and was nicknamed beloved of the Hellenes (ἐρώμενος τῶν Ἑλλήνων) because he became, as Polybius put it, "...the beloved of the Hellenes for his charitable inclination".
The son of Demetrius II and Chryseis, Philip was nine years old at his father's death in 229 BC. He had an elder paternal half sister called Apame. His cousin, Antigonus Doson, administered the kingdom as regent until his death in 221 BC when Philip was seventeen years old.
On his ascent to the throne, Philip quickly showed that while he was young, this did not mean that Macedon was weak. In the first year of his rule, he pushed back the Dardani and other tribes in the north of the kingdom.
In the Social War (220-217 BC), the Hellenic League of Greek states was assembled at Philip V’s instigation in Corinth. He then led the Hellenic League in battles against Aetolia, Sparta and Elis. In this way he was able to increase his own authority amongst his own ministers. His leadership during the Social War made him well-known and respected both within his own kingdom and abroad.
After the Peace of Naupactus in 217 BC, Philip V tried to replace Roman influence along the eastern shore of the Adriatic, forming alliances or lending patronage to certain island and coastal provinces such as Lato on Crete. He first tried to invade Illyria from the sea, but with limited success. His first expedition in 216 BC had to be aborted, while he suffered the loss of his whole fleet in a second expedition in 214 BC. A later expedition by land met with greater success when he captured Lissus in 212 BC.
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