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Philip Augustus of France

Philip II
Sceau de Philippe Auguste. - Archives Nationales - SC-D157.jpg
Seal of Philip II
King of France
Junior king 1 November 1179 – 18 September 1180
Senior king 18 September 1180 – 14 July 1223
Coronation 1 November 1179
Predecessor Louis VII
Successor Louis VIII
Born (1165-08-21)21 August 1165
Gonesse, France
Died 14 July 1223(1223-07-14) (aged 57)
Mantes-la-Jolie, France
Burial Saint Denis Basilica
Spouse Isabella of Hainaut
Ingeborg of Denmark
Agnes of Merania
Issue Louis VIII, King of France
Marie, Duchess of Brabant
Philip I, Count of Boulogne
House Capet
Father Louis VII, King of France
Mother Adèle of Champagne
Religion Roman Catholicism

Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet. Philip's predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself king of France. The son of King Louis VII and his third wife, Adèle of Champagne, he was originally nicknamed Dieudonné "God-given" because he was the first son of Louis VII, born late in his father's life. Philip was given the nickname "Augustus" by the chronicler Rigord for having extended the Crown lands of France so remarkably.

After a twelve-year struggle with the Plantagenet dynasty in the Anglo-French War of 1202–14, Philip broke up the large Angevin Empire presided over by the crown of England and defeated a coalition of his rivals (German, Flemish and English) at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. This victory would have a lasting impact on western European politics: the authority of the French king became unchallenged, while the English King John was forced by his barons to sign Magna Carta and deal with a rebellion against him aided by Philip, the First Barons' War.

The military actions surrounding the Albigensian Crusade helped prepare the expansion of France southward. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry it out.


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