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Phenolate

Phenol
Phenol2.svg
Phenol-2D-skeletal.png
Phenol-3D-balls.png
Phenol-3D-vdW.png
Phenol 2 grams.jpg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Phenol
Other names
Benzenol
Carbolic acid
Phenylic acid
Hydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.303
KEGG
PubChem CID
RTECS number SJ3325000
UNII
Properties
C6H6O
Molar mass 94.11 g·mol−1
Appearance Transparent crystalline solid
Odor Sweet and tarry
Density 1.07 g/cm3
Melting point 40.5 °C (104.9 °F; 313.6 K)
Boiling point 181.7 °C (359.1 °F; 454.8 K)
8.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.4 mmHg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 9.95 (in water),

29.1 (in acetonitrile)

UV-vismax) 270.75 nm
1.224 D
Pharmacology
C05BB05 (WHO) D08AE03 (WHO), N01BX03 (WHO), R02AA19 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet [1]
GHS pictograms GHS-pictogram-acid.svgGHS-pictogram-skull.svgGHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
H301, H311, H314, H331, H341, H373
P261, P280, P301+310, P305+351+338, P310
Toxic (T)
Muta. Cat. 3
Corrosive (C)
R-phrases R23/R24/R25-R34- R48/R20/R21/R22-R68
S-phrases (S1/2)-S24/S25-S26-S28- S36/S37/S39-S45
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 79 °C (174 °F; 352 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–8.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
317 mg/kg (rat, oral)
270 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
420 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
500 mg/kg (dog, oral)
80 mg/kg (cat, oral)
19 ppm (mammal)
81 ppm (rat)
69 ppm (mouse)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) [skin]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) C 15.6 ppm (60 mg/m3) [15-minute] [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
250 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds
Thiophenol
Sodium phenoxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

29.1 (in acetonitrile)

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (−OH). It is mildly acidic and requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns.

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.

Phenol is an organic compound. Phenol is appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble.


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Wikipedia

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