Peter Orseolo
| Peter the Venetian | |
|---|---|
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From the Illuminated Chronicle
|
|
| King of Hungary | |
| 1st reign 2nd reign |
1038–1041 1044–1046 |
| Predecessor |
Stephen I Samuel |
| Successor |
Samuel Andrew I |
| Born | 1010 or 1011 Venice |
| Died | 1046 or late 1050s Székesfehérvár |
| Burial | Cathedral of Pécs |
| House | House of Orseolo |
| Father | Otto Orseolo |
| Mother | unnamed daughter of Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Peter Orseolo, or Peter the Venetian (Hungarian: Velencei Péter; 1010 or 1011 – 1046, or late 1050s), was King of Hungary twice. He first succeeded his uncle, King Stephen I, in 1038. His favoritism towards his foreign courtiers caused an uprising which ended with his 1041 deposition. Peter was restored in 1044 by Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. He accepted the Emperor's suzerainty during his second reign, which ended in 1046 after a pagan uprising. Hungarian chronicles are unanimous that Peter was executed by order of his successor, Andrew I, but the chronicler Cosmas of Prague's reference to his alleged marriage around 1055 suggests that he may also have survived his second deposition.
Peter was born in Venice, the only son of Doge Otto Orseolo.His mother was a sister of Stephen I, the first king of Hungary; historian Gyula Kristó suggests that he was born in 1010 or 1011. The Venetians rose up and deposed Otto Orseolo in 1026. Peter did not follow his father, who fled to the Byzantine court in Constantinople; he instead went to Hungary, where his uncle appointed him commander of the royal army.
Emeric, Stephen's only son to survive infancy, died in an accident in 1031. Stephen's cousin Vazul had the strongest claim to the throne, but the King overlooked him and named Peter as his heir. On Stephen's order, Vazul was blinded shortly thereafter and his three sons – Levente, Andrew and Béla – exiled, which strengthened Peter's right of succession. The King asked Peter to take an oath respecting the property of his wife, Queen Giselle, suggesting that Peter's relationship with his aunt was tense.
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