Peter E. Toschek
| Peter Toschek | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
18 April 1933 Hindenburg, Germany |
| Residence |
 Germany
|
| Nationality |
Germany
|
| Alma mater | University of Bonn |
| Known for | laser spectroscopy, singular ions |
| Awards | Robert-Wichard-Pohl Prize (1990) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physicist |
| Institutions | University of Hamburg, Institut für Laser-Physik |
| Doctoral advisor | Wolfgang Paul |
Peter E. Toschek (born 18 April 1933) is a German experimental physicist. His research centres on the areas of atom physics, quantum optics, and laser physics. He is a professor at Hamburg University and known as a pioneer of laser spectroscopy as well as for the first demonstration of single trapped atoms (ions).
Toschek studied physics at the University of Göttingen and at the University of Bonn. He finished his doctorate in 1961 in the group of Wolfgang Paul with a PhD thesis on the scattering of Gallium atoms in defined Zeeman states by Argon and Helium. In 1963 he became a research assistant at the Institut für Angewandte Physik at the University of Heidelberg. There he founded the first German research group for laser spectroscopy which was soon joined by Theodor Hänsch (doctorate 1969). Toschek received his “venia docendi” (Habilitation) in experimental physics in 1968. In 1972 he became a Professor in Heidelberg. In 1981 he accepted a chair in experimental physics at the University of Hamburg. There he and Günter Huber founded the Institut für Laser-Physik in 1989. From 1980 to 1990 Toschek co-edited Optics Communications. Peter Toschek worked at Stanford University with Tony Siegman (1972), at the Laboratoire Aimé Cotton in Orsay, France, (1978/79), and as a Fellow of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado (1986/87). He retired in 1998 but continued to be a scientifically active part of the Institut für Laser-Physik.
Since the 1960s, Peter Toschek and his associates developed new methods of laser spectroscopy like Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy as well as the extremely sensitive intra-cavity absorption spectroscopy (ICAS). They observed non-linear interactions of light with atoms like self-induced transparency of an absorber, and like the generation of singular optical oscillations (solitons). In 1978, Toschek‘s research group was the first to demonstrate the cooling of atoms by laser light, just before David Wineland and co-workers. After Peter Toschek and Hans Georg Dehmelt having proposed, in 1975, a scheme for the realization and observation of single atomic ions, Werner Neuhauser, Martin Hohenstatt and Peter Toschek in 1978 demonstrated, for the first time, the trapping and visual observation of a single atom, a Barium ion, which had been cooled by laser light down to a few mK above absolute zero temperature, and confined within a miniature quadrupole ion trap. This achievement made feasible the manipulation, quantum measurement and spectroscopy of individual atomic ions. On such quantum objects Toschek and associates observed for the first time and reported in 1986 Niels Bohr's metaphorical "quantum jumps", simultaneously with and independent of similar observations by Hans Georg Dehmelt and co-workers. Other achievements include the first demonstration of a two-photon laser (1981), the quenching of quantum noise (in the difference frequency signal of two laser emission lines) by correlated spontaneous emission (1990), stochastic cooling of single ions (1995), the observation of the oscillation dynamics of trapped ions (1998), atomic interferometry on a single ion (1999) and unambiguous evidence of impeded evolution of an unstable quantum system by the system's observation, the Quantum Zeno effect (2000).
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