Peter Chartier
| Peter Chartier | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Pierre Chartier, Wacanackshina (White One Who Reclines) 1690 Tennessee |
| Died | 1759 (aged 69) Old Shawneetown, Illinois |
| Known for | Promoting Native American civil rights, early Temperance movement |
| Spouse(s) | Blanceneige-Wapakonee Opessa (1695-1737) |
| Parent(s) | Martin Chartier (1655-1718); Sewatha Straight Tail (1660-1759) |
| Relatives | Children: Francois "Pale Croucher" (1712-1763); René "Pale Stalker" (1720-1777); Anna (1730-1779) |
Peter Chartier (1690—c.1759) (Anglicized version of Pierre Chartier, sometimes written Chartiere, Chartiers, Shartee or Shortive) was a fur trader of French and Shawnee parentage who became a tribal chief and was an early advocate for Native American civil rights, speaking out against the sale of alcohol in indigenous communities in Pennsylvania. He first attempted to limit the sale of rum in Shawnee communities in the Province of Pennsylvania, then launched a movement to prohibit it altogether. Conflict with the colonial government motivated him to lead his community of over 400 Pekowi Shawnees on a four-year odyssey through Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama and Indiana, eventually resettling in Illinois. He later fought on the side of the French during the French and Indian War.
Two communities (Chartiers Township and Chartiers (Pittsburgh)), several rivers including Chartiers Creek, Chartiers Run (Allegheny River) and Chartiers Run (Chartiers Creek), and two school districts (Chartiers-Houston School District and Chartiers Valley School District) are named after him.
Peter Chartier was born Pierre Chartier and was the son of Martin Chartier (1655-1718), a glovemaker born in St-Jean-de-Montierneuf, Poitiers, Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France. Martin Chartier arrived in Quebec with his brother and sister and his father René in 1667. He accompanied Louis Jolliet on his 1674 journey to the Illinois Territory and La Salle on his 1679-1680 journey to Lake Erie, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. He assisted in the construction of Fort Miami and Fort Crèvecoeur where, on 16 April 1680 he and six other men mutinied, looted and burned the fort, and fled. (In a letter of 1682, La Salle stated that Martin "was one of these who incited the others to do as they did.") Martin then went east and married a Shawnee woman in either Illinois or Maryland in 1693.
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