Periyar (river)
| Periyar (പെരിയാർ) | |
| River | |
 Periyar flowing near Malayattoor
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| Country |  India |
|---|---|
| States | Kerala, Tamil Nadu |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Cheruthoni |
| - right | Mullayar, Perinjankutti, Muthirapuzha, Edamala |
| Cities | Aluva, Neriamangalam, Kalady, Malayattoor |
| Source | Sivagiri Hills, Sundaramala |
| - location | Tamil Nadu, India |
| - elevation | 1,830 m (6,004 ft) |
| Mouth | Lakshadweep Sea, Vembanad Lake |
| - location | Kerala, India |
| Length | 244 km (152 mi) |
| Width | 0.405 km (0.25 mi) |
| Basin | 5,398 km2 (2,084 sq mi) |
| Discharge | mouth |
| - average | 295 m3/s (10,418 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge elsewhere (average) | |
| - Kalady (1980–2004) | 223 m3/s (7,875 cu ft/s) |
 Labelled map of Periyar River
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Periyar (meaning: big river) is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major towns. The Periyar is of utmost significance to the economy of Kerala. It generates a significant proportion of Kerala's electrical power via the Idukki Dam and flows along a region of industrial and commercial activity. The river also provides water for irrigation and domestic use throughout its course besides supporting a rich fishery. Due to these reasons, the river has been named the "Lifeline of Kerala".Kochi city, in the vicinity of the river mouth draws its water supply from Aluva, an upstream site sufficiently free of seawater intrusion. Twenty five percent of Kerala's industries are along the banks of river Periyar. These are mostly crowded within a stretch of 5 kilometres (3 mi) in the Eloor-Edayar region (Udhyogamandal), about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kochi harbor.
The Periyar has a total length of approximately 244 kilometres (152 mi) and a catchment area of 5,398 square kilometres (2,084 sq mi), of which 5,284 square kilometres (2,040 sq mi) is in Kerala.
The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. It is variously claimed to be located in Kerala and in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. The state of Kerala has asserted during the hearings on the Mullaperiyar issue in the Supreme Court of India that the Periyar originates in Kerala, flows entirely through Kerala and joins the sea in the Kerala. This has also been admitted by the state of Tamil Nadu in the court. The source of the river lies in the remote forests of the Periyar Tiger Reserve. Various sources indicate the origin of the river to be Chokkampatti Mala, a peak on the southern boundary of the Periyar Tiger Reserve.
There are alternate claims for a Tamil Nadu origin, indicating that the Periyar originates in the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgement on the Mullaperiyar issue in 2014, made it clear that Tamil Nadu is not a riparian state of the river Periyar.
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Wikipedia