Pentothal

Sodium thiopental

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Routes of administration	Intravenous (most common), oral or rectal
ATC code	N01AF03 (WHO) N05CA19 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) CA: Schedule IV US: Schedule III
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	5.5-26 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name (RS)-[5-ethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanide sodium
CAS Number	71-73-8 Y (sodium salt) 76-75-5 (free acid)
PubChem CID	3000714
DrugBank	DB00599 N
ChemSpider	2272257 Y
UNII	49Y44QZL70
KEGG	D00714 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:9561 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL738 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.896
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H17N2NaO2S
Molar mass	264.32 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Chirality	Racemic mixture
SMILES [Na+].O=C1NC(=S)/N=C(/[O-])C1(C(C)CCC)CC
InChI InChI=1S/C11H18N2O2S.Na/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15;/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key:AWLILQARPMWUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
NY (what is this?)

Sodium thiopental, also known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories, not to be confused with pentobarbital), thiopental, thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic that is an analogue of thiobarbital. Sodium thiopental was a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "Essential Drugs List", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic healthcare system, but was supplanted by propofol. It was previously the first of three drugs administered during most lethal injections in the United States, but the U.S. manufacturer Hospira stopped manufacturing the drug and the EU banned the export of the drug for this purpose.

Sodium thiopental is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has been used commonly in the induction phase of general anesthesia. Its use has been largely replaced with that of propofol, but retains popularity as an induction agent for rapid sequence intubation and in obstetrics. Following intravenous injection, the drug rapidly reaches the brain and causes unconsciousness within 30–45 seconds. At one minute, the drug attains a peak concentration of about 60% of the total dose in the brain. Thereafter, the drug distributes to the rest of the body, and in about 5–10 minutes the concentration is low enough in the brain that consciousness returns.

A normal dose of sodium thiopental (usually 4–6 mg/kg) given to a pregnant woman for operative delivery (caesarian section) rapidly makes her unconscious, but the baby in her uterus remains conscious. However, larger or repeated doses can depress the baby.