Penthrox inhaler

The Penthrox inhaler is a hand-held inhaler used for self-administration of methoxyflurane for pain relief. It is manufactured and marketed by Medical Developments International (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia),

The Penthrox inhaler is indicated for use by children and adults for the self-administration of methoxyflurane for analgesia in emergency and remote settings. A non-opioid alternative to morphine, this device is also easier to use than nitrous oxide.

Due to the risk of organ (especially kidney) toxicity, methoxyflurane is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or diabetes mellitus, and is not recommended to be administered in conjunction with tetracyclines or other potentially nephrotoxic or enzyme-inducing drugs.

The maximum recommended dose is 6 millilitres per day or 15 millilitres per week because of the risk of cumulative dose-related nephrotoxicity, and the inhaler should not be used on consecutive days.

This portable, disposable, single-use inhaler device, along with a single 3 milliliter brown glass vial of methoxyflurane is provided in doctor's kits that allows conscious hemodynamically stable patients (including children over the age of 5 years) to self-administer the drug, under supervision. Each 3 milliliter dose lasts approximately 30 min.

Despite the potential for renal impairment when used at anesthetic doses, no significant adverse effects have been reported in the literature when it is used at the lower doses (up to 6 millilitres) used for producing analgesia and sedation.

...
Wikipedia