Peljidiin Genden
| Peljidiin Genden Пэлжидийн Гэндэн |
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| 7th First Secretary of the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party of Mongolia | |
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In office 13 March 1930 – 13 March 1931 |
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| Preceded by | Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir |
| Succeeded by | Zolbingiin Shijee |
| 2nd Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural | |
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In office 29 November 1924 – 15 November 1927 |
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| General Secretary | Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj |
| Preceded by | Navaandorjiin Jadambaa |
| Succeeded by | Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren |
| Prime Minister of Mongolia | |
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In office 2 July 1932 – 22 March 1936 |
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| General Secretary |
Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir Jambyn Lkhümbe Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav Khas-Ochiryn Luvsandorj |
| Preceded by | Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav |
| Succeeded by | Anandyn Amar |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1892 or 1895 Khujirt district, Övörkhangai Province, Mongolia |
| Died | November 26, 1937 Moscow, Soviet Union |
Peljidiin Genden (Mongolian: Пэлжидийн Гэндэн; 1892 or 1895 – November 26, 1937) was a prominent political leader of the Mongolian People's Republic who served as the country's second president (1924 to 1927) and the ninth prime minister (1932–1936). As one of three MPRP secretaries, Genden was responsible for pushing rapid and forced implementation of socialist economic policies in early 1930s. In 1932 he secured Josef Stalin's backing to become prime minister, but then increasingly resisted pressure from Moscow to liquidate institutional Buddhism and permit increased Soviet influence in Mongolia. His independent temperament, outspokenness (he became famous for fearlessly confronting Stalin during their public meetings in Moscow and was one of the few to stand up to Stalin’s strong personality), and growing nationalist sentiments ultimately led to his Soviet-orchestrated purge in March 1936. Accused of conspiring against the revolution and spying for the Japanese, he was executed in Moscow on November 26, 1937.
Peljidiin Genden was born in present-day Khujirt district of Övörkhangai Province in either 1892 or 1895 (sources differ). In 1922 he joined the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League (MRYL) and a year later he was appointed acting head of his local cell. He attended the first session of the Mongolian Great Khural in Ulaanbaatar in November 1924 as a delegate from Övörkhangai. There, Prime Minister Balingiin Tserendorj took notice of his outspokenness and based on his recommendation Genden was elected chairman of the Presidium of the State Small Khural or Baga Khural, the small assembly that controlled day-to-day matters of state. This made him the effective head of state of Mongolia, a position he would hold from November 29, 1924 to November 15, 1927, and served concurrently as the Chairman of the Central Bureau of Mongolia's Trade Unions.
Genden served as one of three secretaries of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's Central Committee from December 11, 1928 to June 30, 1932. Together with fellow secretaries Ölziin Badrakh and Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (and later Zolbingiin Shijee) Genden pushed for rapid and forced implementation of socialist economic policies such as compulsory collectivization, the abolition of private enterprises and the closure of monasteries and the confiscation of church property. The policy proved disastrous as traditional herders were forced off the steppe and into badly managed collective farms, destroying one third of Mongolian livestock. Over 800 properties belonging to the nobility and the Buddhist church were confiscated and over 700 head of mostly noble households were executed. As a result, open revolt broke out in several provinces between 1930 and 1932. In response, Moscow ordered the suspension of what it termed the “Leftist Deviation” policies of the Mongolian government and in May 1932 several party leaders (including Badrah, Shijee, and Prime Minister Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav) were purged for trying to implement socialist measures “prematurely”.
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